Manuel Salustiano Delgado (1792-1854) and Maria de la Luz Baca

 

 Manuel Salustiano was the son of Manuel Francisco Delgado and Josefa Garcia de Noriega. He was born , the same day as his twin sister Manuela.

His baptismal record reads: En vente y ocho de Junio de milsetecientos noventa y dos bautize solemte en la Igliseia de ntra Sa de Guadalupe de Pujuaque a un nino y a una nina gemelos quales llamraron Manuel y Manuela de seis dias nacidos hijos legitimos y nales de el Sr Capitan Retirado Dn Manuel Delgado y de Da Josefa de Garcia. Fueron Padrinos de aqual Dn Josef Ortiz y de ella Dn Rafael Sarracino...

A lady at the laundromat in Pojoaque has indicated to me that all that remains of the church is the cemetery to be found on the hill behind the Casino of Poqoaque.

According to the New Mexico Marriages of Santa Fe and the Military Chapel of Our Lady of Light p. 138 Manuel Salustiano Delgado, son of Don Manuel Delgado and Doña Josefa Garcia, married Doña Maria de la Luz Baca, daughter of Juan Domingo Baca, deceased and Doña Ana Getrudis Ortiz on April 20, 1814. Maria de la Luz Baca was the sister of his father's second wife Ana Maria Baca. She was born about 1799.

Her parents were Juan Domingo Baca (father Antonio, grandfather Antonio) and Ana Gertrudis Ortiz, of a distinguished branch of the Ortiz family. Her will of 1818 lists the names of 14 children that she had by Juan Domingo Baca: Guadalupe, José, Miguel, Anna Maria, Santiago, Manuel, Antonio, Francisco, Maria de la Luz, José Maria, Vizente, Jesus, Maria and 2 who died very small.

The New Mexico Prenuptial Investigations From the Archivos Historicos del Arzobispado de Durango, 1800-1893 has investigations for three of Juan Domingo's and Ana Gertrudis' children:

José Miguel Baca, who was 33 years old at the time of the 1819 investigation. His parents are listed as both deceased citizens of Santa Fe. He was baptized in Santa Fe on September 4, 1786. His godparents were Diego Antonio Baca and Juana Garvizu. His intended was Ana Maria Romero, daughter of José Romero and Ignacia Baca of La Cienega (pp. 110-11 have more of their genealogy).

Francisco de Paula Baca, who was 24 years old at the time of the 1820 investigations. His parents are listed as both deceased citizens of Santa Fe. He was baptized on February 19, 1795 in Santa Fe. His godmother was Loreto Ortiz. His intended was Guadalupe Duran (pp. 115-16 have more of their genealogy).

José Maria, who was 25 years old at the time of the 1824 investigation. He was to Marry Maria Faustina Ortiz y Lopez, his second cousin. His mother is listed as the late Ana Gertrudis Ortiz (pp. 161-62 give more on their genealogy).

Fabiola Cabeza de Baca y Delgado, who was a descendent of Manuel Salustiano and Maria de la Luz Baca through her paternal grandmother Estefana Delgado y Baca de Cabeza de Baca wrote: "Doña Maria de la Luz Baca, wife of Don Mañuel Salustiano Delgado, the oldest son of Captain Mañuel Francisco Delgado was of distinguished lineage, being a descendent of the celebrated Don Nicolas Ortiz Niño Ladron de Guevara whose grandson married Gertrudis Paez Hurtado daughter of Juan Perez Hurtado, companion in arms of Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, Marquez de Banzinas and one of the reconquistadores of the Province of New Mexico. Don Juan Paez Hurtado was governor of New Mexico in 1704-05 and again in 1717. Of the marriage of Don Nicolas Ortiz Niño Ladron de Guevara III and Doña Gertrudis Paez Hurtado there were born two children, don Juan Antonio and Antonio José Ortiz, the latter married Doña Rosa de Bustamante, duaghter of Don Bernardo Bustamante, Lietenant Governor. they had five children, one of whom was Ana Gertrudis Ortiz Niño Ladron de Guevara who married Don Juan Domingo Baca of which marriage there were twelve children, one of whom was Doña Maria de la Luz Baca, the wife of Don Mañuel Salustiano Delgado."

In another text Fabiola wrote: "Beginning with Don Juan de Oñate who led the first permanent settlement in 1598. With him came Captain Cristobal Baca in 1600. He is the progenitor of the Vaca, Baca, and Cabeza de Baca protagonists in this relation. Don Luis Maria, who was the irst to use the title of "Cabeza de Baca" in New Mexico was seventh generation from Capt. Cristobal Baca; With the reconquest of New Mexico in 1693, after the Indian Rebellion of 1680, came Don Diego de Vargas. His captain general was Juan Paez Hurtado, who is the progenitor of the Ortiz, Delgado, Baca and others through intermarriage."

Manuel Delgado and Maria de la Luz Baca had five remarkable sons and two remarkable daughters who grew up, married and all left their mark on New Mexican life, so much so that I have devoted a page to each one. They are Simon, Maria Josefa, Pablo, Fernando, Felipe S., Estefana, Felipe B., i.e. 5 brothers and 2 sisters.

José de la Encarnacion born March 23, 1815; baptized March 25, 1815. This must be Simon.

Maria Josefa Gregoria b. November 16, 1816; baptized November 19, 1816.

Jose Manuel de Jesus Tranquilino, b. July 1819

José Bicente, b. 1821. According to the burials book of St Francis Parish, Santa Fe (LDS tape 0016906) José Vicente Delgado, son of Manuel Delgado and Maria de la Luz Baca was buried on May 6, 1821.

José Pablo baptized March 24,1822. This must be Pablo, sometimes called Juan Pablo.

José Fernando Candido b. April 2, 1824; baptized April 7, 1824. According to the burials book of St Francis Parish, Santa Fe (LDS tape 0016906), José Fernando Delgado, parbuelo, son of Manuel Delgado and Maria de la Luz Baca was buried on February 19, 1826.

José Manuel Fernando born in May 1826. His tombstone in Rosario Cemetery reads 1826-1875.

José Felipe Santiago baptized April 3, 1829 (according to the Santa Fe Baptisms Book). This must be Felipe S., who according to his tombstone was born May 1, 1829, that is almost a month after he was baptized, according to the Santa Fe Baptisms book.

Maria Estefana Longina, baptized April 8,1834.

José Felipe. This must be Felipe B. Delgado who was born in 1842 to Manuel and Maria de la Luz. The baptismal record reads: In this parish of San Felipe on the 28th day of the month of August of the year one thousand eight hundred and forty two, I the priest D. Mariano de J. Lusero baptized and blessed with holy oils and sacred chrism a little boy born 4 days ago, who bears the name José Felipe, legitimate son of D. Manuel Delgado and of Maria de la Lus Vaca. Paternal grandparents are Ml. Delgado and Maria Josefa Garcia and maternal grandparents Juan Domingo Vaca and Gertrudis Ortiz, godparents D. Ricardo Cambel and Maria Rosa Grijalba, of El Tuerto.... LDS Pena Blanca Baptisms 1841-1909 (MF no. 0016863).

These children are found in the Santa Fe Baptisms book seem to me to be authentic. They had the same parents and same birth dates as those listed below, but went by somewhat different names during their adult, public lives. According to the burials book of St Francis Parish, Santa Fe (LDS tape 0016906), José Manuel Fernando and José Vicente died very early. I don't know what became of José Manuel de Jesus Tranquilino.

These are the heirs listed in his will and other legal documents. His sons were all prominent in public life and information on them is abundant. It is said that as each reached the age of 16 years he was sent to study in Durango, except for Felipe B., the youngest, who was sent to school in St. Louis.

In her article"Pioneer Merchant" in The Santa Fe Scene of May 17, 1958, Fabiola Cabeza de Baca writes: "After his marriage Don Manuel Francisco was transferred from the garrison of Agua Verde to Santa Fe, N.M. He was placed in charge of military operations with headquarters in Cuyamangue. There twins, a boy and a girl, were born to Don Manuel and Doña Josefa in 1792. The boy was named Manuel Salustiano and he is the progenitor of the large Delgado family who have figured prominently in the history of Santa Fe. He married Doña Maria de la Luz Baca, a great-great grand daughter of Don Juan Paez Hurtado, lieutenant general of Don Diego de Vargas. After their marriage they lived in Santa Fe where Don Manuel established himself in the mercantile business. He also owned wagons which traveled over the old Chihuahua trail.... When the placer mining rush came to the country, Don Manuel moved to Old Los Cerrillos where the Jarrott Ranch now operates. There he had a large mercantile business and he also operated stores in El Real de Dolores (now San Pedro) in Santa Fe County and in Manzano in Torrance County. Besides his mercantile business he ran thousands of sheep on his land grants. In the summer his sheep grazed on the Valle Grande in the Jemez Mountains. In 1845, his manager overstayed in the Valle with the flocks. A heavy snow storm came in early November and 10,000 head of sheep perished."

After his father's death Manuel Salustiano continued to live on the Las Golondrinas property. In the History of the Los Cerrillos Mining Area on the internet, Homer Milford writes of the Mina del Tiro on the Delgado's property. He says that was it 2 to 3 miles south (outside) of the southern boundary of the Los Cerrillos Land Grant as stated in all the land grant documents.

Milford says that after the late 1820s, there was increased lode mining activity in Los Cerrillos. In 1830 a Santa Fe mining company reopened three old Cerrillos mines. The only name of a mine given was that of the Mina del Tiro. By July 1830 the sloping shaft was open to about 80 yards, 225 feet, with ten years of drift and water was encountered. Milford speculates that they had probably reached a depth of over 200 feet quickly by reworking an earlier Spanish shaft at the Mina del Tiro. It was reported that many of the Los Cerrillos mines were active within the memory of people in Santa Fe, but that none were active at the time of Gregg's writing in 1843 or 1844. No record of activity in Los Cerrillos was located after 1831.

According to Milford, Manuel Salustiano was one of the 12 member of a mining company formed in Santa Fe in 1830, and his son, Felipe S., worked in the mine. Milford has a copy of Felipe's testimony in an 1884 law suite over the Mina del Tiro. He gave his age as 55 in 1884. The Santa Fe mining company was only active for a few years, but built one of their smelters at the Delgado Ranch on what we now call Bonanza Creek. Manuel then took over the mines and operated them on and off until around 1841 when the family shifted their mining operations to the San Pedro Mountains and had the Delgado mine there. Milford recalls having once read something written in the 1850s that basically said the only residents left in Tuerto (San Francisco del Tuerto, Placer Nuevo or what we now call Golden) were the Delgados and people that worked for them in their mine.

Milford further says that during the 1850s and 1860s, the Delgado family apparently managed to keep U.S. miners out of the Cerrillos Hills with their claim to the area as part of a land grant... He says that it is not clear whether the Delgados operated a mine in the Cerrillos Hill during this period or not. There was an active "Delgado Gold Mine" by Golden during this period which may have led to confusions.

Milford cites a comment in the Journal of an Army sergeant, in June 18, 1857, on a trip from Santa Fe to Algodones that, "In sight of Delgrado (sic) Ranch is quite a rich gold mine which I may visit at some future time but can not today".

Milford says that the "Delgados may have operated a gold mine in the Cerrillos Hills as Newberry in 1859 described the ore of the only gold mine he said was in the area, but gave no name for the mine or its owner.... During the 1850s and 1860s, the Delgado claimed the Cerrillos area as part of a land grant. The Delgado's effective control of the whole area was evident from the fact that prominent Santa Fe businessmen leased the Mina del Tiro from them in 1861. An earlier mine shaft was reopened. It was mined for about four months. However, it all collapsed. When the mine collapsed, the miners refused to return to work. The government rejected the Delgados claim and opened the area to purchase in 1870."

Homer Milford also informs: Manuel S. and his sons were involved in three silver mines which they considered as on their Los Cerrillos ranch and there was a smelter at the ranch house in the 1830s. In the 1840s they started two gold mines on the north slope of the San Pedro Mountains by Golden which they kept until the 1870s. Manuel S. by 1832 probably had a store in the first gold camp (Oro) and applied with Jose Francisco Ortiz and 9 other men for the first lode (non-placer) gold mining grant in 1832. In 1833 Jose F. Ortiz and Igancio Cano tried again and got approval for the lode mining grant. In 1839 a new placer area was discovered 7 miles south of the first (near modern Golden) and Manuel S. opened a store there by 1843. I do not know when he closed the store in Old Placers. Based on Felipe S. Delgado's comments and some other things I assume the store in New Placers was open until 1877. Manuel S. Delgado was probably the most prominent miner in Santa Fe County during the Mexican Period as far as I can find out in spite of the general history books comments about Chavezs, etc.

The 1841 Census for La Cienega publish in the New Mexico Genealogist 43 for December 2004, p. 217, lists Manuel Delgado, 47 years old, a married laborer, son of Manuel Delgado and Josefa Garcia de Noriega and Maria de la Luz Baca, 40 years old, married, daughter of Juan Domingo Baca and Ana Gertrudis Ortiz.

From Frontier Problems in New Mexico Preceding the Mexican War, 1840-46 By Ward Alan Minge, Doctoral Dissertation, UNM, 1965 (pp. 171-75). 5text sent to me by Homer Milford)

"Real del Oro, or Real de Dolores, a placer gold mining camp in the Tuerto Mountains south of Santa Fe, was particularly active during these years. Stories were legion of its antiquity and great wealth…. On February 20 Chavez sent to the mining camp for a brief report on the status of the municipal treasury there. The justice returned such a 'simple, irregular paper' that Governor Chavez called it a crime and replaced the man with Manuel Delgado.

The camp was a crude place where labor consisted of peonage and civil justice was virtually nonexistent. After a presidential decree of February 12, 1843, justices were to be installed at all mining camps, there to report on financial affairs and collect traditional fees for the government…. Chronic resistance to authority prevailed at the mining camp and the lack of law and order caused Manuel Delgado to formulate a set of rules which he intended to use as Justice:

Article 1. That upon having a fund in the place by supreme order of His Excellency, the Governor and Commandant General, Don Manuel Armijo, and not having anything in which to invest it, it is certainly believed that after paying for a public school, the first step which should be taken, the remainder should be spent in erecting a secure public jail to house the criminals, as well as the women who also commit crimes at every turn, and both sexes should be supported by the same funds under the arrangement which follows.

Article 2. That every person declared criminal should be condemned to public works in accordance with the powers conceded to the justices of the peace according to the law of March 27, 1837; and if there should be persons thus occupied it will be certified that they receive a daily wage a part of which will be used to support them and the reset will go for another purpose of the fund (to be treated subsequently), and if they should not be occupied with jail work or cleaning they will of no use to the police.

Article 3. That in addition to those mentioned above, through use of the fund a complete set of tools can be obtained for placer work by the same criminals, under supervision of a man of confidence and trust who may be assigned a third part of the results of the work, for which a site can be established in the known parts of the placer which would be dedicated solely tot he fund.

Article 4. Women also know how to commit crimes. To render corrections commensurate with the seriousness of the crime, I believe it is necessary to establish a separate jail for them, and that they should be occupied in making meals and other work to benefit the same criminals.

Article 5. When, in order to assure the above and upon approval from higher authority, the occasion arises for a military force of one squadron with its sergeant and corporal to serve as guard, that this might be 12 or 15 men so that they may alternate the service daily, they should be shown respect for a change and should not be wanting [for necessities].

Article 6. So that the penalty for the crimes is settled, and criticism of the justice and treasury officials may be avoided, it appears best to me that every third or fourth day of the month the accounts of both employees (alcade and treasury) should be delivered in the presence of the people. This will serve as much to show the settlement of the penalty as to produce the best administration of this fund.

Article 7. Whichever person be he whatever status who loans money on pledges, such as axes, levels, shovels, and other utensils for working the placer will have to forfeit the money the moment that the person hold such contracts may become demented, without exemptions from this of the fees which this tribunal finds appropriate. The same will happen to those who assume another's debts without permission of the respective owner; for in order to collect them, the status of the person who made the contract sould be examined.

Article 8. Whichever person my loan money with the unjust profit of a real on each peso for eight days (the law specifies one year), will not be condemned if he should claim it; inasmuch as they can only reclaim the principal, in case the profit received is not equal, but if the profit will equal the principal they will be paid with what there is, and in case the profits may not be equal, its sum or value will decrease.

Article 9. Each citizen who may have placer land should work that land within 15 days; upon intelligence that someone's time has lapsed, he will lose his claim, because it is a detriment to society if these are not worked; and in order to avoid litigation, I advise that he will not be heeded who demands more time.

Article 10. When someone has been called to court be he whomever he might be for whatever business, this person should come at once, and if he should delay until a second calling or more he will have to pay two reales for each delay without considering that which the judge may impose for the delay.

Article 11. For being very harmful to society the various subjects destined for jail be it for debt or for whatever other reason, I will help them because they will not have anything for subsistence; and since here there is not disposable fund for their subsistence, as soon as something occurs for which someone is jailed, that person will have to work for the good of the jail or for a school; these supported with money from the fund as advised by the judge.

Article 12. As has been observed, and is being observed all the time, strategies which persons of little faith and bad conduct use to take or rob money and goods from some merchants, und the pretext that they are employed help (on pay day) I judge they do it from necessity and that for this reason the pay that is claimed should not be denied them; and if after warning such persons the same thing happens they should be fined or punished within reason.

Article 13. In order for the judges to execute punctually and carefully the sustenance of public welfare, I believe it fair that all different merchants who touch here with all kinds of provisions should be inspected by the judge in order that the goods can be distributed without endangering the inhabitants of this place, in particular during the summers when they introduce fruits and green vegetables, and that if the inspects has not been observed then the sale should be stopped and the goods applied to any criminals there might be.

As much as they revealed of conditions in the gold placer mines of Dolores, these laws were never in effect. In June their author, Delgado, asked Governor Martinez for release from office, pleading sickness."

These statutes are supposed to be the earliest mining laws in the western United States since the Spanish administration by at least four years.

 Down the Santa Fe Trail

There is a pretty well known reference to the Delgado Ranch in Susan Magoffin's book Down the Santa Fe Trail, published in 1926 by Yale University Press. She visited there on Wednesday October 7, 1846. Of El rancho de Delgado she writes: "Left Santa Fé about 12 o'k. came fifteen miles to this place --a little farm, called a rancho-- rather a poor place only a little corn, beans, and an abundance of chile verde, a few goats, sheep and jacks-- the beast of all work --the pack wood on them, ride them, take all their little "fixings" to market in baskets or bags swung on the long-eared animals back &c &c. We camped pretty near the house and of course the peepers are not a few. The women stand around with their faces awfully painted, some with red which shines like grease, and others are daubed over with flour-paste. The men stand off with crossed arms, and look with as much wonder as if they were not people themselves" (pp. 147-48).

This was where Manuel Salustiano's family lived at the time. Were the ladies Maria de la Luz Baca de Delgado and Estefana? This reminds me of the story of immigrants who first experienced American life when released from Ellis Island on Halloween.

In Shadows of the Past, Cleofas Jaramillo has a description of the way New Mexican ladies painted their faces red and white to go to dances. She wrote:

"The women, using the high deep window sills as dressing tables, placed their oil lamps or candles in the sills and rested their mirrors against it while they applied the red carmin to their cheeks and the white albayade Mejicano to their faces and necks with the finger tips. Dusted over the dark skin, this preparation had an ashen hue, although these trigueñas had gone through a week's bleaching by wearing a mask of wild raspberry juice or white "cascara" made from finely ground egg shells dried in the oven and mixed with soaked rice and the nuts of melon seeds. This cosmetic was made also from deer or elk horns burned until they were white and soaked with corncobs for several days, changing the water often. The bones were then ground finely, and a little Romero, which is good para el aire, and melon seed nuts were added to deep away wrinkles. The whole combination was sifted through a fine, swiss cloth. The sifted powder was moistened into a paste and formed into little round cakes, dired and applied as a powder or wet as a bleaching mask. Talvina was another face-bleaching mask made of bran and the crushed red spikes of the Algeria plant or wild raspberries. with hair dressed hight on top of thier heads, with a few flat bustled dresses doned --the doñas and señoritas were ready to be escorted or chaperoned to the baile." (p. 50)

Numerous letters from Manuel Salustiano to his sons are found in the NM State Archives in Santa Fe.

The 1821 census lists don Manuel Delgado in La Cienega, as married, age 29, married to Maria de la Luz Baca, age 22 with three children Jose Simon, 6; Josefa 4; Jose Manuel 2.

The 1850 Territorial Census (p. 97), sheet 293, October 21, Santa Fe County, shows:

Manuel Delgado, 58, male, born NM;
Maria la Luz, 41, female, born NM;
Fernando, 25, male, born in NM;
Felipe, 20, male, born in NM;
Stefana, 14, female, born in NM;
Felipa, 4, female, born in NM (this is surely Felipe B. an 8 year old male);
Ismel, 15, male, born in NM (this is the son of Marcos Delgado of Abiquiu named Manuel who went by the name Ishmael);
Marcus, 24, male, born in NM (this is Marcos Jr., brother of Ishmael)
Maria Loreta, 17, female, born in NM (this is Marcos's wife).

We regret to learn the death of Mr. Manuel Delgado, a native and resident of this county. He died on his return from the United Staes the third day of July of cholera, aged about sixty years. He was one of our most prominent and influential citizens, and his death is deeply lamented in this community."

The following account of the events surrounding Manuel Salustiano's death can be pieced together from Fabiola Cabeza de Baca de Gilbert's unpublished notes in the Center for Southwest Research at UNM (Mss 603 Bl) and her article published in the Santa Fe Scene on May 17, 1958. Her notes include a letter from her cousin Eduardo Romero Baca y Sandoval, a grandson of Manuel S.'s daughter Josefa. The story goes that in 1854 Don Manuel Salustiano decided to travel east to Kansas over the Santa Fe Trail with his wagons. His grandson Don Eugenio Romero and trusted servant Señor Susano Leyba accompanied him. While he was there he bought goods for his stores and for trade in Chihuahua. He had a photograph of himself taken and one with his grandson. Returning home, almost three months after leaving Santa Fe, they were hit by the cholera epidemic. Don Manuel Salustiano fell ill with cholera and died in Great Bend, Kansas. He was buried in the prairies of Kansas. Susano, whom Fabiola knew in her youth, used to tell how they wrapped Manuel Salustiano's body in blankets, filled up the grave with coal, then emptied two barrels of whiskey over it to embalm it. They covered the ground and carefully erased all signs of the grave. For if the Plains Indians found signs, they would dig up the body and hang the skull in revenge, as they had with others. The caravans continued the journey home. This happened in the summer so, when the weather turned cold in November, Señor Susano left with several servants, Eugenio Romero and one of the Delgado sons on the 2 1/2 month trip to bring the body back. They left horses at the the posts and travelled day and night brought the body back. Susano was a famous scout who had made many trips with the Delgado wagon trains and he was able to find the exact spot where the body was buried. When they arrived in Santa Fe, the body was in perfect condition. He was given a burial in the cemetery that stood in back of San Miguel Church.

According to Fabiola, after Manuel Salustiano died, his son Pablo and son-in-law Tomas Cabeza de Baca were named executors of the estate. The executors turned over to Maria de la Luz Baca the following real estate, livestock, and cattle, which were her dowry and inheritance from her father, Don Juan Domingo Baca: Cash $261.56; two burros; 100 ewes; 134 goats; 12 pregnant cows and 2 one year old heifers; 9 rams; 32 varas of real estate to the east of Our Lady of Guadalupe Church; one half of the house located south of Old San Miguel Church that her son Don Simon later traded with Archbishop Lamy for the Castrense on the plaza when St Michael's College was built. From her husband's estate she received the Delgado hacienda and ranches situated at Old Cerrillos, all furnishings, tools and ranch equipment. She relinquished all rights and claims to other properties or money in favor of her children. It was the custom for a husband to be able to use his wife's dowry as an investment, but upon his death the wife received back exactly what she had brought with her as dowry.

The oldest daughter Josefa and her family lived in Las Vegas. According to Fabiola, once the estate was settled, the youngest daughter Estefana and her husband moved there and soon Maria de la Luz Baca moved to Las Vegas too to be near her daughters. The Leyba family who had worked with her husband in Real de Dolores and Los Cerrillos for three generations went with her and served her until she died. The Garcias, Montoyas and others who had worked for the family for at least two generations came as well. Maria de la Luz Baca built a home on the west side of the plaza. Fabiola says that it has changed owners many times and has been remodeled over and over but that the original walls walls that Doña Maria de la Luz built remain.

Maria de la Luz Baca died on July 2, 1864.

Continuing the quote from the above cited Legal Document on a Land Dispute (I don't have the entire document):

"... it appears that in 1815 Manuel Delgado dies possessed of a ranch at the Cerrillos valued at $500, which was assigned to his son, Manuel Salustiano Delgado. This man was better know later in life as Manuel Delgado, and it may be conjectured that after his father's death he abandoned the use of his middle name which had been theretofore used to distinguish between the two Manuels, father and son....

...the children of this later Manuel who received the property in 1815, had given, after their father's death, their interest in the property to their mother, Maria de la Luz Baca. This is of importance only as showing why the property was part of her estate, as her heirs and the heirs of her deceased husband Manuel Delgado, were the same.

...the widow of Manuel Delgado died in 1864, possessed of a ranch situated at the Cerillos, valued at $5000... her children, who each received one-seventh of that property, were Simon, Josefa, Pablo, Fernando, Felipe, Estefana and Felipe B. Delgado. Mars. Armijo and her brother Jacobo Perea claim to be owners of all the interests of Simon, Fernando, Felipe, Estefana and Felipe B. Delgado, and they also own on-tenth of the interest of Pablo.

By the will of Simon Delgado... it is shown that his wife was Peregrina Campbell and that their children were Josefa, Gregoria and Pedro Delgado, who conveyed all of their interest in this property to their mother.... No. 13 is a deed from Peregrina Campbell to Jose Leandro Perea made in 1876, which purposts to convey an undivided one-seventh interest in 1485 varas in the Cerrillos grant.

It will be seen by a reference to the deeds to the first Manuel Delgado... that the varas therein specified amounted to 1485, but of these varas 225 come fom the adjoining grant on the west, so that if, as is probable, in this and other deeds made in 1876, it was intended to convey interests in the lands specified in the deeds mentioned, it was inaccurate to say that the 1485 varas were in the Cerillos grant. it is clear that only 1260 of the varas set out in those deeds were within this grant. Nothwithstanding the fact that the Delgados had had exclusive possession of the property since the early part of the century, it seems that when they made sales of interests in it in 1876, with a scrupulousness characteristic of the family, they executed deeds for only so much as the old documents in their possession showed positively that their ancestor had acquired. In view of this a later set of deeds was obtained to remedy the oversight...

Fernando Delgado was married to Trinidad Baca and died leaving ten children whose names are: Manuela, Francisco, Antonio, Fernando, Elenita, José Leandro, Agripina, Agustin, Manuel, Mercedes.

No. 14 is a deed from the widow of Fernando Delgado and three of the above named children, José Leandro, Manuela, and Agripina, to José Leandro Perea, conveying the interest of the grantors in an undivided one seventh of the same property.... No. 15 is a deed from five others of those children, Antonio, Francisco, Mercedes, Agustin and Fernando, to Justo R. Armijo and Jacobo Perea in 1889, conveying all of the grantor's interest in the land.... No. 19 is a deed from the remaining two of the children, Manuel and Elena, conveying to Mrs. Armijo and Jacobo Perea all of the interest of the grantors which they have by inheritance through Fernando Delgado... leaving... only one of the ten Fernando, from whom a later deed has not been obtained. Fernando is dead leaving two minor children, Melinda and Refugio.

...Felipe Delgado has died, leaving five children, Luz, Antonio, Manuela, Emilio, and Alfredo. Of these Antonio is dead leaving three minor children, Nicolasa, Benigno and Felipe. The four who are living... refused to make any deed on the ground that the deed of their father really conveyed all of his interest in the property.... therefore they renounce in facor the the late José Leandro Perea or of his heirs....

No. 17 is a deed from Estefana Delgado to José Leandro Perea, made in 1874, clearly conveying her one seventh interest in the property.

No. 18 is a deed from Felipe B. Delgado to José Leandro Perea, dated October 23, 1876, conveying his one seventh interest in the Cerrillos grant...."

Another legal document informs:

"The Manuel S. Delgado Claim is the origin of the Mocho title….

Manuel S. Delgado was survived by the following heirs:

Maria de la Luz Baca de Delgado, wife

Simon Delgado, son. All known children conveyed to his widow, Peregrina Campbell and she later conveyed to José Leandro Perea.

Josefa Delgado de Romero was survived by her husband and several children. All of her children conveyed to Lawrence P. Browne.

Pablo Delgado… the various heirs agreed that a son Juan was to inherit the entire interest in the Cerrillos Grant,but no deed was made to him. Juan later conveyed to his mother Trinidad. Trinidad attempted to mortgage the entire Pablo Delgado interest to Jesus. M. Perea et al.…"

(The document mentions other descendents and to whom they conveyed their share ex. the deceased Martina Delgado de Baca (her heirs: Francisco C. de Baca, her husband; Fulgracia C. de Baca, daughter; Pablo de Baca, son; Hipolito de Baca, son; Arcenio de Baca; Martin de Baca….; Irinea Delgado, daughter, who it is thought to have married Margarito Romero; Guadalupe; Juan; Luz; Felipe (wife Epimenia L.; children: Francisco; Adolf; Fidel; Lorenzo; Eugenia; Felipe; Francisca; Rumaldo); Pedro; Rafaela; Ramona; Felipa; Luz Delgado de Romero (husband Bernardo; children: Trinidad Romero; Lile Romero; José Manuel Romero).

Fernando Delgado: heirs: Trinidad C. de Baca de Delgado, his wife; Manuela Delgado de Salazar; José L.; Mercedes y Delgado; Francisco y Delgado; Agripina; Antonio A.; Augustine A; Fernando; Manuel E.; Maria Elena del Carmen Delgado, who conveyed their shares to Armijo, Beatrice Armijo, José L. Perea, Jacobo Perea.

Felipe S. Delgado. Married Benigna Garcia de Delgado… their children were Lucita Delgado de Valdez, Antonio Delgado, Manuelita Delgado, Emilio Delgado, Alfredo Delgado. All conveyed to José Leandro Perea.

Felipe B. Delgado. Married Lucia Ortiz de Delgado… They conveyed to José L. Perea.

Josefa Delgado Romero. Married Miguel Romero and left ten children. All children conveyed to Lawrence P. Browne.

Estefana Delgado de Baca. Married Tomas C. de Baca…. They conveyed to José L. Perea.

This document says the abstract shows various mining locations which are thereafter taken up separately.